HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students: implications for planning interventions Essay

Final object ProposalIntroduction Since its discovery in 1983, scientists gift worked tirelessly on determining the origins and biological mechanisms of the human immunodeficiency virus virus. The gravity of the human immunodeficiency virus virus can non be understated as approximately 25 million people have contracted human immunodeficiency virus and mellowedly-developed support since the discovery of the virus. During the progression of experience surrounding the virus, statistical analysis of human immunodeficiency virus related data displays regional, socioeconomic, and racial inconsistencies regarding HIV infection. From a global perspective, the discrepancies in HIV prevalence amidst wealthy and low in make countries are unsettling to say the least. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately 2/3 of 34 million individuals currently living with the HIV virus. footling analysis of such statistics susceptibility invite iodin to presume that African awakenuality essential account for this large discrepancy, however, to develop a lie with and nuanced meeting of the epidemic, it is important to delve into the specifics of resource totally toldocation, cozyity inequalities, and access to comely medical care. Similarly, a superficial analysis of HIV statistics might designer one to believe HIV epidemic largely affects plainly affection and low income countries and need not be extensively discussed within developed nations. Such lines of thinking fail to distribute the fact that international connectivity by means of economics and travel make the HIV virus capable of perforate national borders. Due to the international endangerment posed by the virus, it is life-or-death that scientist and policy makers from high, medium, and low income countries make a collective attempt to understand the root ca social occasions of HIV infection discrepancies. By understanding inconsistencies in HIV infection, one is then able to appropriately address the issues he or she has identified. What is important to note is that approaches to specific issues exacerbating HIV infection discrepancies may have to be altered for respective communities. In the alike mien ,one must understand f instruments accounting for HIV infection inconsistencies, one must akin(predicate)ly note that the nuances of a given residential area will importantly impact the efficacy of a prevention mechanism. Although the nuances of a given community may differ, we propose that the majority of root ca expends associated with increased risk of HIV infection are maintained irrespective of national borders. For the purposes of our research, we hope to linear the potential factors leading to increased risk of infection within African communities as well as marginalized subpopulations within the United States, specifically on the Williams College Campus. For all intents and purposes, the research we conduct at Williams College cannot who lly reflect all college campus environments, however, we anticipate that our research will provide an analytical and informative government agency of understanding increased risk of marginalized subpopulations. To ensure an indebt analysis, we will be discussing the utilisation of gender dynamics in increasing an individuals risk to HIV infection. Specifically, we aim to come up whether in that respect is a correlation to gendered sex activity and increased risk behaviors. Utilizing the piece written by Patrica McFadden, we have come to understand the correlation surrounded by sexuality and power, and how the lacking focus on fe phallic sexuality has consequently limited their power. Given the previous statement, one can then presume that the inflation of male sexuality has drastically altered the power dynamic between the two sexes. Our research at Williams College will highlight possible restrictions on female students may command them from protecting themselves. For i nstance, a female student may not chance comfortable importuneing upon contraceptive, and this inability to insist upon contraceptive importantly increases her likelihood of infection. Within a setting such as Williams College, one might inquire how an individual would not insist upon protection given the literature surrounding the HIV virus. To process this forefront, one has to acknowledge that stigma and pagan surveillance are powerful deterrents to women taking the sexual initiative. The cultural text fileation of passive female sexuality, thus the de facto male sexuality is dominant. Since however the male sexuality is acknowledged as dominant, the male will be considered the actor who ultimately initiates and determines the details of the sexual encounter. A potentially interesting drumhead of inquiry would be to get an understanding of to what extents females and males on the Williams campus relate to typified gender sexualities.Results The come off was general ly short and involved three oppugns. The first question that we asked was in regards to how many students that people think are infected with HIV/ assist on campus. The choices available to the respondents were there is no HIV/AIDS on campus, 1 to 3 students, 4 to 10 students, 10 to 30 students and 30+. harmonize to the results of the survey , unappeasable work force answered that there were to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than 4 cases of HIV/AIDS on this campus. Among all the groups involved in the survey scorch Women were the only group to answer that they believed that over 30 students were infected by HIV/AIDS. On their part, white women were of the idea that there were less than 10 HIV/AIDS cases on campus. Neither white-hot work force nor discolour Women answered that there were over 10 cases of HIV/AIDS, and relatively no dingy Women or Black Men answered that there was no presence of HIV/AIDS on campus. The second question that we aske d was, whose right it was to bring the natural rubber to a sexual encounter the choices were both have an equal right, you, your partner or neither has a responsibility. According to the results of the survey, albumen Men was the only group that responded that it was their responsibility to bring the caoutchouc to the sexual encounter. On their part, glum women responded that it was the duty of their partner.all the respondents were more likely to answer the choices where they have some sort of control . Black Men and Black Women believed that it was the mans responsibility to bring the guard, whereas both White Men and White Women answered that it was their witness responsibility to bring the condoms. The third question that the respondents were asked during the survey was ,whose responsibility is it to insist on condom aim and the answer choices were the same as the second questions. The most popular response among both black and whites was,both have responsibilities ,.However the genders did align but they were different from each other. Black Women and White Women answered only with the choices where they had control of insisting on condom use. Black Women were 23% more likely than Black Men to answer that it was their responsibility to insist on condom use and White Women were 9% more likely than White Men to answer that it was their responsibility. Black Men was the only group to answer that it was their partners responsibility to insist on condom use. The fourth question that was asked during the survey was, if you and a partner you salutary met are engaging in sexual activity and they do not want to use a condom, what do you do? The answer choices were insist on condom use while still engaging in non-penetrative sexual activities, Start off insisting on condom use but eventually give in to having susceptible sex, unqualified refusal to engage in any further sexual activity unless they change course to use a condom or Have sex with out a condom, no protest. Black Women was the only group to refuse sex outright if their partner did not agree to use a condom and in general. Although White Women were most likely to insist on condom use, a large proportion of them also answered that they would refuse outright. Black Women were 40.25% more likely to refuse outright than Black Men and White Women were only 11.5% more likely than White Men to refuse outright. The fifth question was similar to the fourth question, but unlike in the fourth question, all groups answered that they would engage in unprotected sex. However, the majority of Black Men and Women and White Women still insisted on condom use 56%, 64% and 63% respectively. White Men were the only group whose majority chose to have unprotected sex at 63%. Black Women and White Women had very similar percentages for insisting on having protected sex. However, Black Women was more likely than White Women to engage in unprotected sex, with no protest ,while Wh ite Women was more likely to start off insisting on condom use and eventually give in. The sixth question asked about how strongly the respondent felt that they had control and could vocalization their opinion in a sexual encounter, and a Likert Scale was used (1= potently Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree) to gauge the responses. All races felt very strongly that they had control and could voice their opinion in a sexual encounter, but Black Men and Black Women were the only groups to answer with 3, which indicates a neutral feeling. A significantly larger proportion of Black Women than White Women, 11.6% more, answered with the highest choice of 5, which indicates strongly agree.References1. Jozkowsk, KristenN., and SonyaA. Satinsky. A Gender Discrepancy Analysis of Heterosexual Sexual Behaviors in cardinal University Samples.(2013) Web.This source provided us with a experimental study exploring the sexual activities on a college campus. We may use this source to model out de liver experiment on a smaller scale, and this experiment similarly allows us to analyze sexual behaviors on other college campuses which may mirror Williams college.2. Adefuye AS, Abiona TC, Balogun JA, Lukobo Durrell M HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students implications for planning interventions. BMC globe Health2009,9281.This source allows us to again follow a experimental model tracing high risk behaviors on college campuses close to the nation. In an ideal world, we will see possible trends that we can use to draw analytic conclusions about gender dynamics. Before we can address race and gender, however, it is important that we understand the types of behaviors we need to watch for within our own studies. Another positive aspect of the source is that it delves into racial dynamics of the HIV infection.3. Mathes, Eugene W. Why is there a Strong Positive Correlation between Perpetration and being a Victim of Sexual Coercion? an exploratory Stud y.Journal of Family Violence28.8 (2013) 783-96.ProQuest.Web. 10 Nov. 2013.When we discuss gender dynamics, it will be important to outline sexual coercion which may expose students to high risk behaviors.4. Ahmed, Aziza. Feminism, Power, and Sex Work in the Context of HIV/AIDS Consequences for Womens Health. Harvard Journal of Law and Gender. 341 (2011)This article provides range surrounding the stifled sexuality of women around the globe and how this stifling of sexuality robs women of their presence within the sexual landscape. Without sexual freedom, women are unable to happen upon their power, thus, they may not have the voice to protect themselves sexually. We aim to observe whether this restriction can be observed on the Williams campus.Source document