Gallery Review †Nancy Lang Essay

Today, the 9th of March, I ask heard of the Pyo Gallery, and as soon as I heard that it was in Wangjing, I changed my plan from going to the Dashanzi territory to trying the new place. It was hidden in several other galleries. I was lucky to get there before the exhibition time was over. The proprietor was a Korean, who kindly explained any(prenominal) paintings for me. I was glad to find unwrap that they currently had an exhibition of Nancy Langs nontextual matter. I fork up always cute to find out more about Nancy Lang ever since I brook seen her in person at the art fargon I have been to, in Korea last summer. There was her trademark series of Taboo Yogini paintings of which I have seen one objet dart of it before. Among all of the paintings that looked similar in boilers suit size and go for, I prefer vehement this agencyicular painting the most.Nancy Lang is an American born-Korean soda pop artist who is in truth young and innovative. This piece of her is named the Taboo Yogini, Swinger and has an extensive size of 210 x 175 cm. She used mixed media on cruise to create this huge piece. This painting was finished in the year 2006, when she was 27. On this humungous canvas, there is a big character in the spunk which has the form of a golem and a head of a girl with some abstract and obscure figures as legs. The subject has a basket full of tennis balls in its right hand. The light-blue background is solid with no value.The most interesting aspect about this art piece is the black figure placed in the revolve about holding the viewers attention. This piece looks more alike(p) a collage than a painting with images attached on the screen. The positive space is the one and only subject on the canvas. The body, which calculates to be a robot, contains the three primary colors with a huge amount of white. These colors together form a fancy image of a childs robot toy, attracting the viewers eyes to the center of the figure, which is where the head is placed.An image of the head of a human girl is used, juxtaposing the robot body. In the figures right hand there is a basket of lime green tennis balls. In the lower part of the art piece, as the legs of the main subject there atomic number 18 both obscure figures that could be hardly described. On the left side there is a fan shaped quadrilateral printed on a glazed material, and on the right side there is a figure that seems like a mixture of blood vessels and bones. The objects do not seem to have any connection between them, but as a whole they get together very well forming one huge body. The blackball space is painted in one tone of light-blue, which helps the subject to protrude out. Unlike its visual texture the actual texture of the piece is very smooth just like a painting.Nancy Lang is famous for her mysterious art pieces and unconventional performances. She is a multi-talented young woman who wants to be famous and rich, check to her own words. She act ually has played a violin in the middle of a street wearing Victoria Secret lingerie and red high heels with kabuki style makeup. In her series of Taboo Yogini, she mixes up assorted icons to create a sort of cyborg that she declares to be the ironical baptistery of the democracies we live in. According to her, this character Yogini, which originally means a yoga trainee, points to an earthly concern between an angel and devil. So the name of her series Taboo Yogini is in a way representing both good and bad. I think the half-robots that appear on her pieces also represent Nancy Lang herself and the various different sides of her.Nancy Langs paintings are very obscure and difficult to understand. When I first looked at this piece, I was totally blown away by the innovative design of the image. However, I could never see the ironical face of the democracies before I order the explanation. These mystical figures, which look almost like monsters, keep appearing on her canvases expa nding the viewers imagination and interpretation of them. Still, I think they are insufficient to clearly deliver the authors true purport of creating such images. Nevertheless, it is impossible for one to see through the genuine perspicacity of an author. I really like Nancy Lang and her innovative spirit. She is afraid of nothing, even the muggy stare of others.

Training and Development of KFC

Kentucky fry Chicken has extensive program prep bed for the serve crews or food service behaveers in customer service, health and safety, clean procedures, and food preparation. Started with using special combinations of eleven herbs and spices as seasonings, Col unitaryl Sanders (the founder) started the business in Kentucky in the mid 1939 provided started its way to franchising business in 1955. aft(prenominal) many years of existence, KFC still holds the philosophies and values of hard work and gauzy customer service that Col angiotensin converting enzyme and only(a)l instilled in all its stores around the domain. KFC now is one of the brands owned by Yum Brands, Inc.How their study program connected with the philosophy and explosive charge of the arrangement (Nationally and interacross the country)KFC has bolstered its Colonels Tradition way of recruiting and cooking workers. Albrecht mentioned ab away somewhat strategies KFC has formulated in order to observe ope rating efficiencies. One of those strategies was the modification of KFCs crew develop programs and operating standards, which is centered on customer service and continued naughty tonus products across the franchises (p. 318).In 1997, with the 5,117 outlets mostly franchised nationally and internationally, KFC knows the importance of controlling the operation especially the service quality and products contempt the differences in culture, language, local law, financial markets, and marketing strategies, through the Tricon International division, which is a marketing arm of the company. By direction of the consultation process with the Yum school principal People Officer Strategy, the head office receives feedback from franchise owners about their military personnel resources and training effect. This gives employees assurance that they receive same training practices and experiences regardless of eating place ownership.Consistent with the companys mission and values, it als o trains with a status as Registered Training Organization that provides their trainees with nationally accredited qualification once effected the programs. The following atomic number 18 the certificates that could be accumulated certificate in sell operations, retail supervision, and retail wariness (Training and Retaining).Steps involved in training their employees (managers and working staff).KFC has a structured orientation and training program for freshly hired personnel assigned in Customer Service and pabulum Service that could give them Nationally Recognized qualification (kfcjob.com). The traineeship that usually lasts from one to three years will give the employees sound credential and good experience, which could give them opportunity for promotion in the future. A hanker with their value How we work together principle, KFC has developed a management team that will handle the career schooling needs of the employees. Aside from that, if an employee wants to becom e a restaurant normal Management level, he has to attend the Developing Champions program.The training programs entangle manuals, skill checklists, and tracking charts to ensure that trainees learn effectively in alter them to acquire promotion internally.KFC provides different training programs to help increase the skills and performance of the employees. They have STAR2000, helps increase skills and performance In the Lead program, this prepares employee to become work shift supervisor this training gives the trainee the chance to become Assistant Unit music director the Vision I, and Be the Leader program, this helps make one become General Manager at KFC restaurant. These programs prepare everyone for superior growth in the company.The training is given upon the advice of the Human Resource Department of the company so long as the employee accomplishes a degree of satisfaction upon evaluation of his or her performance.Conceptual warning of procedures and steps involved in trainingThe training program has two phases, one is for employees, and the other one is given for franchise employees. However the program is give to both to ensure quality service among the KFC personnel. The model schema of KFC training program according to level is shown belowWhat training program KFC use to train their franchisee employees in host country as well as in everywheresees?KFC supplies its franchise employee with lots of benefits and support to help it grow in the business such as advertising, coaching, training and sourcing. As a neophyte, KFC offers trainings called certification Management and Leadership courses prior to the operation that usually last to octad weeks for key restaurant personnel through the Yum University (Franchise). The program consists of elemental product training, leading a shift, leading a restaurant, and leading quadruplex restaurants.Another training programs are given that can take up to sise months during the operation called Deve loping Champions, Area Coach Orientation, and restaurant support heart and soul induction (Franchise).KFC provides worldwide support for the learning and institutionalization of key leadership and management program for both company leaders and franchises.While training their employees in overseas, is the KFC organization socially responsible organization if yes why?KFC organization is a socially responsible because it is not only committed in providing career development to its employees, it also responsible in helping maintain healthy diets to its customers.Employees are assured of good career path with KFC around the world because of incentives, benefits, and promotions it offers. The trainings are not only intended to ensure quality service of the employees but the also serve to give them promotion opportunities.KFC also joined the worlds campaign against poverty. In a report, KFC and Pizza Huts all over the globe launched the first population Hunger Relief Week on October 14, 2007 (Buy a Meal).Aside from that, KFC has other means to help the community. It provides scholars to high school seniors planning to enroll in state-owned colleges or universities, it conducts its business in ethical manner and principles (the How We Work Together principle), and their animal welfare program.ConclusionKentucky Fried Chicken Corporation is an example of an entrepreneurial business that started small and grew remarkably. Its fealty towards efficiency in their service has motivated its founder Colonel to create a unique approach in maintaining quality service and products by means of providing training to the employees for greater efficiency in line with work. These trainings bring out benefits not only for the company but also for also professional advancement of the employees.Using diverse training programs, the company is assured that they possess quality personnel and crew with one hundred percent retention.ReferenceAlbrecht, Maryann H. (2001). International HRM Managing diversity in the Workplace. UK Blackwell Publishers Ltd.Buy a meal give a meal World Hunger Relief Week. October 14-20, 2007. http//www.kfc.co.uk/charity/charity.aspxFranchise and Business Opportunities for Entrepreneurs. http//www.franchisegator.com/KFC-Kentucky-Fried-Chicken-franchise/Franchise. http//www.kfc.co.uk/about/franchise.aspxKFC (2008). http//www.kfc.com/about/careers.aspTraining and Retaining owing(p) Employees. Financial Review Case Studies. http//www.afrbiz.com.au/page.asp?3652=430506&E_Page=416317&3648=430499&case=430501U+KFC. http//www.kfcjobs.com.au/team/vision-and-values.aspx

Shark Fins

Should we eat sharks pentads? Sharks fin dope up is a delicacy which is enjoyed by m either people around the world, specially the Chinese as they believe that it symbolizes wealth, honour and respect. However, the practice of cutting murder sharks fins alive and then throwing them prat into the sea had caused increasing aw beness and vexation of animal rights and environment advocates. Statistics have estimated that one hundred million sharks atomic number 18 killed every year, not considering the fact that these numbers ar still increasing.In my individualised viewpoint, I feel that sharks fins should not be consumed due to ethical, environmental and wellness issues. It is immorally incorrect to cut off sharks fins alive and then throwing them back into the sea. By doing so, we are inflicting excruciating pain and suffering to the sharks. Science question has shown that there is actually in fact no great biological divide between humans and animals. Darwin demonstrated ho w animals and humans are intelligibly linked through evolutionary continuity and recent research has even so shown that similar nervous ashess as humans and respond to pain deal we do.It is highly inhumane and cruel to slaughter sharks in such a way that they have to experience so much agony that for the sake of our desires and craves. There is no undercoat for the very fact of publics superiority over opposite animals means we have the reason to exploit other species. It is only reasonable for us to leave sharks whole when they have not caused much harm to us in any way. Since it is incorrect for us to kill sharks, we should deter ourselves from craving for sharks fins.Additionally, by cleaning such a great number of sharks would lead to environmental issues. wholeness of the impacts would be the imminent extinction of the shark species. According to the International concretion for the Conservation of Nature, 143 shark species which is over 55 percent of the shark spec ies are facing a high risk of extinction either immediately or in the near future. It has also been discovered that excessive seek has caused a 90 percent decline in shark populations crosswise the worlds oceans and up to 99 percent along the linked States east coast.Another impact would be an imbalance in the ecological system. In the natural world, all elements of an ecosystem are interconnected and depend on each other in one way or another. Sharks, being the summit predator, act as caretakers of the environment, picking off the smaller and weaker species, but help to ensure healthy populations and a balanced ecosystem. Hence, if the shark population is wiped turn up from the eco system, it will have a devastating impact on other species within the marine environment.Some of these species are valuable sources of food, and scotch gains. Therefore, environmental maintenance is one of the most crucial reasons why we should not consume sharks fins. in like manner being mora lly wrong and creating harm to the environment, eating shark fin has been proven to be harmful to our bodies. Some people have claimed health benefits of sharks fin soup. However, these claims are unfounded. Instead, in fact, sharks contain a high take of mercury which would cause damage to the human central nervous system and birth defects in infants.The United States Environmental Protection Agency discretion consumers that sharks, with their long life spans of fifty plus years, absorb and store authoritative amounts of mercury in their fins often at high level. Additionally, it is discovered that sharks fins are often treated with hydrogen peroxide so as to annoy their colours more appealing to consumers. Moreover, there have been several cases in which business companies sell fake sharks fins for the benefit of economic gains. The China Daily in Beijing and Japanese language Hong Kong property have reported on phony fins sold as nice sharks fins sold through Asia and North America.Generally, most of these cases involve bogus fins do from a variety of ingredients before being bleached white with highly corrosive chemicals. The consumption of these bogus fins is definitely harmful to health. Given the unfortunate effects on human health, sharks fins should hence not be eaten. In conclusion, sharks fins should not be consumed due to the several negative impacts it will play to the environment and our health, even to the extent of sacrificing our moral values.

Coronary Artery Disease Essay

Coronary shopping mall disease (CHD), in like manner called coronary thrombosis artery disease, is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. This plaque is make up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque occurs over many years.Over time, the plaque hardens which causes your coronary arteries to narrow, which limits the amount of oxygen and blood your muscles are supposed to get to influence properly. Coronary Artery Disease is the leading cause of death in the United States because of the peoples non so hygienic diet, inadequacy of exercise, and tendency to smoke, which are the leading causes of Coronary artery disease. The symptoms might be very noticeable, or you might not experience anything when having CHD, one of the briny symptoms is Angina which causes major chest pain or at to the lowest degree some discomfort or abnormal feeling on your chest.Also, you may feel like your chest is closing up and it willing stupefy harder for you to breathe, also may experience pain on your neck, lower back, and extremities, oh and not less pregnant, fatigue and weakness are also symptoms. For treatment, your doctor will give you specific medications based on how severe your case is, take in habits will need to change, start exercising, and if a smoker, to quit smoking. Oh, very important to know, DO NOT under any circumstances, stop your medication, it will scrape up back and probably worse than before it was treated. In very native cases, an angioplasty and stent placement, coronary artery bypass surgery, or a minimally invasive heart surgery will be needed in company to survive.Although everyone is different, early detection of CHD generally results in a better outcome. merely after treatment, its not all gone you might be stuck with some long-term effects. One of them being Unstable Angina, which I state was a severe chest pain due to not plentiful oxygen going to the lungs. Heart failure could also happen, due to the overleap of blood and oxygen being transported to the heart, it weakens which makes everything much difficult than before, this is a heart failure. A long- term coronary artery disease could lead to despicable heart attacks, which happens when the artery is completely blocked, so no oxygen or blood flowing through whatsoever. Coronary artery disease is a very harmful disease when not treated, but being healthy could prevent itReferences* http//health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html* http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/

Explore the ways in which Golding and Shakespeare

search the ship canal in which Golding and Shakespeare model red cent and lady Macbeth are presented as trouble BY alexis_998 copk the shipway in which Golding and Shakespeare present trap and skirt Macbeth are presented as disturbed In this controlled assessment I will be exploring the ways in Lady Macbeth Shakespeare presents as a disturbed character from organism corrupted by actor also how Golding presents shucks from Lord of the flies. eldest of all what does it mean to be disturbed? A definition of disturbed is showing signs or symptoms of psychical or emotional Illness.Well Golding defines disturbed as force play hungry, manipulative and un controllable. equal to as Shakespeare who defines disturbed as troubled/tortured, sick disposed(p) and obsessed. First of all, Golding presents Jackas disturbed from the start of the novel as very imperative. For fount we see this when he says l ought to be chief with simple arrogance, because Im chapter chorister and moti on boy. I can sing C sharp. This Implies thatJack is disturbed because he is very commanding which makes us think hes the leader.On he former(a) open Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as disturbed from the start as manipulative. We see this when Macbeth receives the letter, Lady Macbeth says If you loved me then you would kill Duncan. This shows that she has clear sense of pipe dream and is power hungry. Shakespeare sets Macbeth as kind but makes Lady Macbeth more plague , which line of products with Macbeth goodness that show she is disturbed from the horror at judgement of violent death the king Explore the ways In which Golding and Shakespeare present Jack and Lady Macbeth what does It mean to be disturbed?A deflnltlon of disturbed Is showing signs or syrnptoms of mental or emotional illness. Well Golding defines disturbed as power presents Jack as disturbed from the start of the novel as very imperative, For suit chapter chorister and top dog boy. I can sing C sharp. Thi s implies that Jack is disturbed from the horror at Idea of killing the king Explore the ways in which Golding and Shakespeare present Jack and Lady Macbeth are presented as disturbed In this controlled assessment I will be exploring the ways in Lady Macbeth how Golding presents Jack from Lord of the flies.First of all what does it mean to be disturbed? A definition of disturbed is showing signs or symptoms of mental or emotional illness. Well Golding defines disturbed as power hungry, manipulative and un controllable. Similar to as Shakespeare who defines disturbed as troubled/ tortured, sick minded and obsessed. First of all, Golding presents Jack as disturbed from the start of the novel as very imperative. For practice session we see this when he says l ought to be chief with simple arrogance, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp.This implies that Jack is disturbed because he is very commanding which makes us think hes the leader. On the other hand Shake speare presents Lady Macbeth as disturbed from the start as manipulative. We see this when Macbeth receives the letter, Lady Macbeth says If you loved me then you would kill Duncan. This shows that she has clear sense of ambition and is power hungry. Shakespeare sets Macbeth as kind but makes Lady Macbeth more evil , which contrast with Macbeth goodness that show she is disturbed from the horror at idea of killing the king

Ethnic literature

Ethnic Literature and Postcolonialism In Bartas Gads Tangs Reading by employ Postcolonial theory The definition of ethnic literature is literature standardised any some other, except that it contains ethnic references. (Reilly p. 2). any(prenominal) other definition of ethnic literature is when at that place is a literature mildew that contain religious opinions, racial is marchs, linguistics, or pagan heritage. In a nonher enounce, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes particular culture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws attention in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society.One of the issues hich may lots appear during the class discussion is hybridity. It seems that citizenry who have been faced by the fact that they are living in a hybrid world die hard to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, but they foundation not avoid the possibility becoming in between. Altho ugh , they are include into one part, the native part, but on the other hand they provide not deny the deep olfactory modality to be pleasant considering themselves incompatible with the other. in that respect is a kind of more measure they have compared with their surround, and they consider it is worthy to be kept.Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons. in that location must be an additional value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a young ideology, belief or view which are brought by the predominate. The dominated rarely informed with the impact. They usually only feel that it is a natural process which kick the bucket the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is near dominated-dominating one. We can not yield who actually take the percentage as dominating or dominated.The practice may turn over, the dominated may stick the dom inating in the aforementioned(prenominal) time oward different object, vice versa. We are too introduced by Otherness theory. It makes individual consider that she or he are different from the other, and other commonwealth is not the aforesaid(prenominal) with her or him. Gads Tangs tells a story more or less a girl life, namely Teyi. She is a Javan girl who grew up in the Javan tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell hot up bananas every day.Teyi finds herself limited by some overlooks which are considered as the regenerate rules for her mother. She even does not know how love or how to be loved by a man. She was taught to be a polite muliebrity. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten SarJubehi who has helped her. That is the beginning of her clean-fashioned experience to recog nize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be a good lady. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after being saved when her ailment comes immediately.Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well. She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to aim and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who testament be marry with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a married man from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi written by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are still many things covered even by what Javanese people considered as budaya adiluhung.The word politeness, hospitality and dignity which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become blur after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered a s an obedient woman and become a forbearance for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings them in this novel as representative of Javanese woman character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is out-of-the-way(prenominal) from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be Just a few). The feeling of in between seem to be experienced by Teyi.She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi. Teyi realizes that her life drift is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows hat Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like putri bangsawan, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. Even she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been embossed from the lower part. She has more index than the people in the house.The very frank impact of this precept actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she passed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi. Although, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the way she behaves. She seems take the dominating puzzle over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. Only two days of wedding party, and Teyi considers that she has a redress to sue divorce, while Sapardal can only keep silent without any comment.In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as the dominating take the role as the dominated. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no bravery to touch her in their first night of marriage. Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to sh ow us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are only a symbol of someone position, which also can be shifted based on where we are standing.Sapardal may bust in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I ead Indonesian culture literary work, curiously belong to Javanese one. However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way.The force of a new ideology input is not directly felt in this novel. The natal people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we entreat as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Teyi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten SarJubehi. It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered nad cheated ner by having romantic attair witn ner master.Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his own side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his environment before they are married. That makes he has no resolution to touch her at their first night.It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no desire toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. Love relationship has been considered as a real relationship when we have passion to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically.It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten SarJubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus. in that respect is no any guilty feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved nd being a part of Putri Parasis society, Keraton enviro nment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a part of Putri community.While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a consideration and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, Otherness theory also emerges in this novel. After having taught to ave attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society.

European Integration of Ukraine Is the Main Task

europiuman consolidation of Ukraine is the main task, which unites organisation and opposition In connection with the sensitive semipolitical season, which began non only in the Ukrainian Parliament, exclusively too in the European Parliament, delegation of MPs of Ukraine from the political party of Regions arrived on an authorised visit to Strasbourg.Delegation parts atomic number 18 chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov, lieutenant Chairman of the Party of Regions for International Affairs Leonid Kozhara, First Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada delegation on leave officedom of Speech and Information Olena Bondarenko, fragment of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Banking, Tax and Customs Policy Vitaliy Kaliuzhny.Today, September 13, in the European Parliament took propose a public meeting on The future(a) of EU-Ukraine Relations and Ukraines Internal Political Situation, where the Chairman of the Party of Regions parlia mentary faction Olexander Yefremov informed about the menstruum situation in Ukraine. Particular attention Olexander Yefremov paid to reforms, which are being carried out by authorities. Over the past year and a half great changes took place in Ukraine. Unfortunately, in Europe, few people know what is actually hazard in the solid ground.The countrys leaders held a number of reforms this is pension and judicial reforms, sufferance of anti-corruption legislation and the tonic Tax Code, the politician verbalise. Now we are preparing such global documents as a bill on the land market, juvenile Criminal Procedure, Housing and Communal and Labour Codes. In Ukraine these laws nonplus a long history, they are not modernized. And, unfortunately, over the 20 years of earth of Ukraine as an indep residuument state, no one hited on them. It is our task. in that locationfore we have a lot of work to do. And as you can see, we are working very(prenominal) hard, said Olexander Yefre mov. MEPs stressed the importance of the visit of Ukrainian parliamentarians because now it is a key moment in relations between the EU and Ukraine, and Europe needs prime(prenominal)-hand information. Olexander Yefremov reminded that in 2009 Party of Regions started with very bad starting positions. When we conducted an canvass of the national economy, it was found that in 2009 we began with minus 15% of GDP.It was a opprobrious number. And we had to find quickly the tools for economic growth, to over cum the economic crisis. However, our operational work and the actions that we undertook, gave a good positive result. 2011 we are to finish with 5% change magnitude of our economy, he stressed. Representatives of the European Parliament agreed to this. They noted how pregnantly change magnitude the intensity of work of Ukrainian Parliament and adopted documents. According to Olexander Yefremov, like a shot the government command faces many challenges.And one of the most import ant is the European desegregation of the country. And at the moment it is one of the uniting issues for opposition and authorities. There is no dissent and no opponents here. Everyone understands that we need to work on this honey oil goal, said Olexander Yefremov. Answering the wonder, what Ukraine will choose Deep and Comprehensive Free shift Area with Europe or the Customs Union, Olexander Yefremov said that our first priority is the EU, but at the same time we want to obtain good relations with Russia, if thats possible from its side. In turn, we declare that we want to be a part of civilized Europe, said the politician. The head of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction got stronger conviction that there is practically no opponent of consolidation between Ukraine and EU, everybody is trying to help, to give an advice no one wants to see Ukraine worse or poorer, or further from the EU everybody is trying to shop at it. MEPs, in turn, said that Europe would like to se e Ukraine developing further and blessed people living in Ukraine.The MPs acknowledged that Europe knows very dinky about what is actually happening inside the country. In addition, Olexander Yefremov said that judging by the questions he was asked about Tymoshenko case, there is a gradeificant lack of information about the topic. That is, people know about it, but nobody goes into details, and, as a rule, the very essence is hidden in details. He reminded the gist of the charges against ex-Prime Minister of Ukraine. In January 2009 Tymoshenko was in talks with Russia on gas supplies.Under the Law On International Treaties of Ukraine the authority to negotiate and to sign international treaties is granted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as a corporate body. The Prime Minister can not alone authorize somebody to negotiate on behalf of the Government. When negotiations with Russia began, most of the ministers at the Cabinet of Ministers session refused to support Tymoshenko s personal position, as evidenced by minutes of meeting. Despite of this, she provided the Ukrainian negotiators a document entitled Directives of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which contained the signature of Tymoshenko and official government seal. Thus, the ex-Prime Minister is charged with single-handed decision and document forgery, said Olexander Yefremov. In addition, the MP informed about extremely unfavorable conditions for Ukraine, which are in the contract. This, above all, is the highest price, unreasonable amount of compulsory gas purchase (Ukraine consumes 40 billion brick-shaped meters and must buy 52 billion cubic meters), and extremely inadequate penalties.If the country does not buy stated in the contract amount of gas, then there is the penalty 150% in summer, and in winter 300%. If such a contract was subscribe in the business between the two businessmen, one of them would be admitted to be crazy, that is absolutely inadequate and disadvantageous contra ct for the country, said Olexander Yefremov. EU Integration and Trade a Look from the Outside of the EU east Border. Oleksandr Shepotylo*, Kyiv naturalise of Economics and Kyiv Economics InstituteAugust, 2009 Abstract This newsprint develops a methodology for assign policy analysis of be and benefits of substitute(a) regional integration scenarios, base on the disaggregated dryness equation, and applies it to calculate the impact of the EU ebullition on integration strategies of non-member countries. In particular, the paper measures the impact of the 2004 EU amplification from the tie-up of Ukraine a country that has been left on the sideline.This angle allows estimating the be of non-integration that occurred over overdue to allot and investment diversion, and forgone opportunity to carry our structural changes in the Ukrainian economy. According to the results, EU admission charge would dramatically change the composition of Ukrainan merchandises by almost doubl ing exports of manufactured goods by 2007. The cost of non-integration accumulate towards the end of the investigated period. Projecting the results into the future clearly indicates that the benefits of EU accession for Ukraine would have been uniquely positive.By showing that costs of non integration are high, the results shed some light source on the debates over the benefits of EU integration for the newly accepted states. They in any case give guidance on the potential export gains from signing a deep FTA between EU and Ukraine which is currently negotiated by policymakers. JEL categories C33, F12, F17 Keywords gravity model, EU enlargement, Ukraine, CIS, heterogeneous firms, muckle policy Introduction The studies of European Union (EU) enlargement mostly focus on the impact of the enlargement on the current and new EU members (e. . Bussiere et al. 2008, Nilsson, 2000, Baldwin, 1995 and 1997, Gros and Gonciarz 1996). This paper emotional states at the impact of EU enlarge ment from a different angle and estimates the costs of non-integration into EU. It develops a methodology for evaluating alternative regional integration scenarios. Comparing costs and benefits of different integration scenarios, a policymaker decides on the trump out integration strategy for a county. When an additional country gathers a regional consider bloc, it imposes additional costs on outsiders due to share and investment diversion.The costs of non-integration are growing when to a greater extent countries tie in the bloc, which triggers a new wave of enlargement, a so-called domino marrow introduced by Baldwin (1993). For example, the enlargement of the European Economic Community ( europium) a influence that started in 1960s induced integration of the members of the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) into the EEC The 1960s saw rapid discriminatory slackening with the EEC and EFTA. This had a dramatic effect on trade patterns. The EECs share of trade with itself rose from 30 to 50 per cent.The share of EEC imports from other European nations stagnated or fell. This discrimination meant lost bread opportunities for exporters in both groups, but since the EEC market was more than double the size of EFTAs market (and growing faster), the EEC club was farther more attractive to exporting firms. This generated new political economy forces at bottom the EFTA nations forces that pushed for EEC membership. (Baldwin, 2008) Currently, a equal offset involving the EU and Commonwealth of autonomous States (CIS) vocation blocs is evolving.The differences in size and level of development between EU and CIS blocs imply that the EU bloc is more attractive and the opportunity costs of not-integrating into the EU are higher. Recently, EU has expanded by 12 new members, mostly by countries that for a long time had been important employment partners of CIS countries. At the same time, Georgia left the CIS in August, 2009, while Ukraine and telephon e exchange Asia countries significantly reduced their involvement into the CIS programs.These developments indirectly indicate that the EU accession strategy looks as an increasingly attractive policy for the CIS countries. However, the literature says little on how the different integration scenarios can be compared. What are the costs for the CIS countries of not integrating into EU? Do the costs of non-integration exceed the benefits of staying in the CIS? Empirically, this question has not been studied and the primary goal of this paper is to try the ex post costs of non-integration. To answer these questions, the paper focuses on Ukraine.De facto, Ukraine is a member of the CIS. However, Ukraine participates in the CIS programs very selectively and the Ukrainian parliament never ratified the CIS Charter. Moreover, after 2004, Ukraine explicitly declared the EU accession as its strategic goal. Ukraine is an eligible candidate for enlargement based on the geographical criteria. It is an important EU trading partner that snuff its towards EU both politically and economically. In February, 2008, the Ukraine has started a round of FTA negotiations with EU which is the next step towards the EU integration.The launch of negotiations followed the finalization of Ukraines WTO accession process on February, 5 2008 , which was a prerequisite for FTA talks. Therefore, the advantage of looking at Ukraine while canvass costs and benefits of a deeper EU integration vs. deeper CIS integration is as follows. First, it is not a purely theoretical exercise but a question of practical importance. Did Ukraine make a right choice when declaring the EU integration as the policy priority? Second, the answer to this question gives guidance for policymakers of the EU and Ukraine for the decision on the future of the EU enlargement process.How Ukrainian exports would look like if the country joined EU in 2004? To answer these questions, this paper develops a methodology that al lows predicting trade patterns of Ukrainian exports in such a hypothetical situation. The offered method assumes that the main differences between being an EU member and being a typical CIS country stem from the changes in behavioral relationships of the parameters of the gravity equation rather than from the changes in factors that represent the gravity forces per se (see Egger, Pfaffermayr, and Schmidt 2006).By setting its regulatory framework in line with the EU standards, signing a deep FTA with EU, and, in the long run, achieving its final goal of congruous a full-fledged EU member, the Ukraine would gradually evolve from being a part of the CIS trading bloc with its distinct reliance on export of keen materials towards being a part of the EU trading occlusive with a high degree of intra-industry trade in processed goods. Therefore, its trade patterns would become more in line with the trade patterns of the Eastern European countries.The behavioral changes would come from better access to the EU market, changes in the institutional environment, deep reforms of the regulatory framework, and standardization of export and import regulations. To capture the behavioral changes, the gravity model is estimated for two samples one sample includes sixteen Eastern European countries twelve EU member countries that recently joined EU (EU12) and four countries that are not member of the EU but are considered as candidates for enlargement in the future (EUC4) the other sample includes nine CIS countries .In addition to evaluating the behavioral change, the novelty of the paper lies in applying an estimation of the disaggregated gravity equation using the two stage procedure developed by Helpman, Melitz, and Rubinstein (2008) (henceforth HMR). The method explicitly deals with a stiff number of zero trade flows, and unobserved firm-level heterogeneity.Unlike the HMR method, we exploit both cross-sectional and time dimensions to remove the pair-specific doctor effects that can bias the cross-sectional results and estimate the impact of the EU accession on bilateral trade flows by the Hausman-Taylor method (Hausman and Taylor, 1981) treating the EU accession as an endogenous decision that correlates with variable and fixed costs of trade. The model demonstrates substantial costs of not integrating into EU.If the Ukraine had became an EU member in 2004, it would have benefited from an increase in export volumes, redirection of trade from CIS trading partners towards the EU trading partners, and restructuring of exports from industrial products with low value added, primarily exports of raw materials, towards exports of manufactured products with high value added and exports of agriculture and food .The benefits would have come not from the EU accession per se but from the gradual process of reforms, economic restructuring, and behavioral changes in the bilateral trade relationships with its trading partners. The sign losses from breaking t he trade relationships with other CIS countries would be more than compensated later along the development path. The structure of the paper is as follows. office 2 compares existing trade patterns of the Eastern European countries with trade patterns of the CIS countries. fragment 3 briefly discusses the methodological issues, presents a theoretical model and develops the estimation procedure. surgical incision 4 discusses entropy. Section 5 presents estimation results for aggregated trade information and discusses advantages of the Hausman-Taylor method. It also presents estimated gains in disaggregated exports from the EU-Ukraine trade integration for two counterfactual experiments. Finally, Section 6 concludes. Trade patterns of EU and CIS countries first glance at the data The theory of regionalism and preferential trade agreements (i. . Baldwin, 1993 Baldwin et al. 2006) stresses that costs of non-integration into a regional trade bloc increase with the size of the bloc whi ch, in turn, induces more countries to join the bloc due to a so-called domino effect by lowering trade barriers and improving market access, a discriminatory rest of trade within a trading bloc gives an edge to the companies rigid within the bloc over the outsiders and create additional incentives for multinational companies (MNC) to move their activities inside the bloc.This creates an additional pressure for inclusion on outside countries. Hence, at a time started, the process of regionalization captures ever-growing number of countries. The story of the latest EU enlargement illustrates this point. The Council of plebeian Economic Assistance (CMEA) that, by 1989, included fifteen Soviet republics, six Eastern European countries Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland , and three other countries Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam generated a substantial intra-bloc trade due to a high degree of economic and political integration The economic cooperation wit h the rest of the world was limited at best and in some instances prohibited. Since the beginning of transition, Eastern European countries and Baltic States have rapidly moved away from the Moscow-centered economic gravity towards the Brussels-centered one. As was the right way predicted by some scholars (i. e. Wang and Winters, 1991 Hamilton and Winters, 1992, and Baldwin, 1994), this led to the reorientation of their trade flows away from the CMEA countries towards the EU members.By 1995, Eastern European trade flows did not differ considerably from that of similar Western European countries and mostly exhausted the westward expansion of exports at the intensive margins of trade (Gros and Gonciarz (1996). This view is supported by a more recent World Bank (2005) report which shows that currently most of the EU12 countries trade above their potential or normal level.